This is an Abstract from the New England Journal of Medicine.
Volume 349:335?342 July 24, 2003 Number 4
EFFECT OF VERIFICATION BIAS ON SCREENING FOR PROSTATE CANCER BY MEASUREMENT OF PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN Rinaa S. Punglia, M.D., M.P.H., Anthony V. D'Amico, M.D., Ph.D., William J. Catalona, M.D., Kimberly A. Roehl, M.P.H., and Karen M. Kuntz, Sc.D.
Introduction and Objective: The sensitivity and specificity of a screening test are biased when disease status is not verified in all subjects and when the likelihood of confirmation depends on the test result itself. We assessed the screening characteristics of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement after correction for verification bias. Effect of Verification Bias on Screening for Prostate Cancer... |
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The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is one of the most familiar of urology's milestones. Millions of men have benefited from early prostate cancer detection because of this revolutionary—albeit somewhat controversial—blood test. Yet, given urology's centuries-old timeline, the research that produced this simple tool is relatively recent. Before 1986, when the Food and Drug Administration approved the PSA test for monitoring prostate cancer, no blood test existed to screen for the disease. PSA: Blood Test Gives urologists a New Way to Detect Prostate Cancer |
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Urologists are leading the march as sexual medicine moves into the next century. After all, few physicians are as adept at carrying the flag for our most intimate issues as those already treating our most private conditions. But, despite the vast inroads made in the field of sexual dysfunction in recent years, it took the better part of a century before doctors of any stripe stepped up to deal with the condition—in either gender. Today, urologists are behind a scientific explosion in the field as it relates to both male and female sexual dysfunction. Sexual Dysfunction: Disorders Enter Public Spotlight |
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In the early 1900s, the outlook was grim in general for a patient with prostate cancer, much less one who had failed conventional treatment. But today, alternative therapy is available to patients who have failed traditional treatments: hormone therapy. Now, thanks to all of these new treatments, sufferers can bask in the hope, if not the reality, of a cure. In 1962, Stanford University's Malcolm Bagshaw showed that high-dose, radioactive gold celluloid radiation could be an effective treatment for men with early (and even advanced) prostate cancers. University of Iowa's Rubin Flocks followed with large-scale implantation of radioactive gold seeds, a therapy that improved with the guidance of ultrasound. Hormone Therapy: Giving Cancer Patients Another Treatment Alternative |
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Urology has a number of white knights that have led crusades against many debilitating urologic disorders. But perhaps none is more heroic than those innovative surgeons who have led the way in treating prostate cancer. Without the pioneering spirit of a Theodor Billroth or a Hugh Hampton Young, who adapted their prostatectomies for malignancies, men with early tumors could not choose surgery as a treatment. Without the curiosity of a Patrick C. Walsh, who investigated the gland's anatomy and crafted nerve-sparing surgical techniques, they might still face the devastating side effects of previous operations. Prostatectomy: Pioneering Research Gives Patients More Treatment Options |
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